Transmission and Distribution

Transmission and Distribution - Engineering Subject

Transmission and Distribution - EE3401 TD 4th Semester EEE Dept | 2021 Regulation | Anna University Engineering Subject Paper

Unit I: Transmission Line Parameters

1. Transmission Line Parameters - Transmission and Distribution

2. Introduction - Transmission Line Parameters

3. Structure of Power System

4. Types of Transmission - Overhead - Underground System - Comparison

5. Types of Line Conductors - Hard Drawn Copper - Steel Cored - Cadmium - All Aluminium Alloy - Phosphor Bronze

6. Methods of Arrangement of Conductors

7. Introduction to Transmission Line Parameters

8. Transmission Line Constants

9. Resistance

10. Inductance

11. Capacitance

12. Inductance of a Conductor - Internal - External Flux

13. Inductance of a Single Phase Two Wire Line - Transmission Line Parameters

14. Flux Linkages of One Conductor in a Group

15. Inductance of Composite Conductor Lines

16. An Alternative Approach for Finding the Expression for Inductive Reactance

17. Flux Linkages in Parallel Current Carrying Conductors

18. Inductance of Three Phase Lines with Equilateral and Symmetrical Spacing - Transmission Line Parameters

19. Inductance of Transmission Line with Unsymmetrical Spacing - Diagram

20. Inductance of Three Phase Line with Unsymmetrical Spacing but Transposed - Diagram

21. Inductance of Three Phase Lines with more than One Circuit

22. Inductance of Three Phase Double Circuit with Unsymmetrical Spacing but Transposed

23. Inductance of Three Phase Double Circuit with Symmetrical Spacing - Diagram - Examples

24. Inductance of Bundled Conductor Lines

25. Capacitance of Transmission Line

26. Electric Potential at Single Charged Conductor

27. Potential at a Conductor in a Group of Charged Conductors

28. Capacitance of Single Phase Line

29. Effect of Earth on capacitances of Transmission Line - Diagram - Examples

30. Capacitance of a Three Phase Line with Equilateral Spacing - Diagram - Examples

31. Capacitance of a Three Phase Line with Unsymmetrical Spacing - Transmission Line Parameters

32. Effect of Earth on Capacitance of Single Circuit Three Phase Line with Transposition

33. Capacitance of System with Bundled Conductors

34. Capacitance of Three Phase Line with More Than One Circuit

35. Capacitance of Three Phase Double Circuit with Unsymmetrical Spacing but Transposed

36. Inductive Interference with Neighbouring Circuits - Electromagnetic - Electrostatic Effect - Steps for Reducing Telephone Interference

37. Skin Effect

38. Proximity Effect

39. Electrical Parameters of EHV Lines - Transmission Line Parameters

40. Two Marks Questions with Answers - Transmission and Distribution | Transmission Line Parameters

Unit II: (a) Modelling and Performance of Transmission Lines

1. Modelling and Performance of Transmission Lines - Modelling and Performance of Transmission Lines

2. Introduction - Modelling and Performance of Transmission Lines

3. Classification of Overhead Transmission Line

4. Representation of Transmission Line

5. Terms Related to Performance of Transmission Line

6. Performance Analysis of Short Transmission Lines

7. Three Phase Short Transmission Line

8. Effect of Load P.F. on Regulation and Efficiency - Modelling and Performance of Transmission Lines

9. Medium Transmission line - End Condenser - Nominal T, π Method

10. Generalised Circuit Constants of a Transmission Line

11. Long Transmission Lines

12. Rigorous Method of Analysis of Long Transmission Line

13. Surge Impedance - Surge Impedance Loading (SIL)

14. Equivalent T and π Network of Long Transmission Line - Modelling and Performance of Transmission Lines

15. Power Flow through Transmission Line - Short Transmission Line

16. Circle Diagram - Procedure to Draw Receiving

17. Determination of Capacity for Synchronous Phase Modifier - Modelling and Performance of Transmission Lines

18. Sending End Power Circle Diagram - Steps for drawing -

19. Active and Reactive Power Flow - Modelling and Performance of Transmission Lines

20. Power System Stability - Power Angle Diagram

21. Power Transfer Capability of Transmission Lines - Modelling and Performance of Transmission Lines

22. Ferranti Effect

23. Line Compensation

24. Two Marks Questions with Answers - Modelling and Performance of Transmission Lines

Unit II: (b) Corona

1. Corona - Transmission and Distribution

2. Basic Principle or phenomenon of Corona

3. Parameters Related to Corona - Critical Disruptive Voltage - Critical Visual Disruptive Voltage - Corona Power Loss

4. Factors Affecting Corona and Corona Loss

5. Effects of Corona

6. Advantages and Disadvantages of Corona

7. Radio Interference and Effect on Line Performance

8. Two Marks Questions with Answers - Modelling and Performance of Transmission Lines

Unit III: (a) Mechanical Design of Transmission Lines

1. Mechanical Design of Transmission Lines - Introduction

2. Definition of Sag - Important Points

3. Calculation of Sag and Tension - supports at Equal Level - Supports at Unequal Levels - Factor of Safety

4. Effect of Atmospheric Conditions on Transmission Line - Effect of Ice Coating - Wind Pressure

5. Calculation of Diameter for Stranded Conductor - Mechanical Design of Transmission Lines

6. Calculation of Sag for Catenary Shape of Conductor - Calculation of Tension T and Conductor Half Span Length

7. Tension and Sag at Erection - Mechanical Design of Transmission Lines

8. Stringing Chart

9. Sag Template and Tower Spotting

10. Vibrations of Conductors and Damper - Aeoline Vibrations - Galloping of Conductors - Stock-Bridge Type Vibration Damper - Factors Affecting Conductor Vibrations

11. Types of Towers - Wooden - Reinforced concrete - Steel tubular poles - Latticed steel towers

12. Two Marks Questions with Answers - Transmission and Distribution | Mechanical Design of Transmission Lines

Unit III: (b) Insulators

1. Insulators - Transmission and Distribution

2. Properties of Insulators - Transmission and Distribution

3. Insulator Materials - Porcelain - Glass - Synthetic Resin

4. Types of Insulators - Pin T- Suspension - Strain - Shackle - Stay

5. Voltage Distribution Over a String of Suspension Insulators

6. String Efficiency - Method of Calculating

7. Methods of Increasing String Efficiency - Reducing Ratio of Shunt Capacitance to Self Capacitance - Grading the Insulators - Use of Guard Ring (Static Shielding)

8. Testing of insulators - Mechanical - Electrical Insulation - Environment and Temporary Cycle - Corona and Radio Interference T- Other Important

9. Voltage Distribution by Standard Formula - Insulators

10. Two Marks Questions with Answers - Transmission and Distribution: Unit III: (b) Insulators : Two Marks Questions with Answers

Unit IV: Underground Cables

1. Underground Cables - Transmission and Distribution

2. Introduction - Advantages of Underground Cables

3. Requirements of the Cables - Underground Cables

4. General Construction of a Cable - Underground Cables

5. Type of Cable - Belted - Screened - Super Tension (S.T.) - Oil Filled - Gas Pressure

6. Insulating Materials for Cables - Properties - Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) - Paper - Cross Linked Polythelene - Vulcanised India Rubber (VIR)

7. Insulation Resistance of a Cable - Underground Cables

8. Capacitance of a Single Core Cable - Stress in Insulation

9. Grading of Cables - Use of Intersheaths - Capacitance - Difficulties

10. Capacitance of Three Core Cables - Measurement of CS and CC

11. Heating of Cables - Copper Loss - Dielectric Loss - Sheath Loss

12. Heat Flow in a Cable - Thermal Characteristics Thermal Resistance of Single Core Cable - Thermal Resistance of Soil

13. Current Rating of a Cable - Underground Cables

14. Two Marks Questions with Answers - Transmission and Distribution | Underground Cables

Unit V: (a) Distribution Systems

1. Distribution Systems - Transmission and Distribution

2. Types of Transmission and Distribution Systems - Transmission and Distribution

3. A.C. systems - Three Phase Three Wire System - Three Phase Four Wire System - Advantages - Disadvantages

4. D.C. Systems - Advantages - Disadvantages

5. Introduction to Distribution Systems - General Aspects of a Good Distribution System

6. General D.C. Distribution System

7. Schemes of Distribution System - Radial - Ring Main - Interconnected

8. Design Considerations for Primary Distribution - Distribution Systems

9. D.C. Three Wire System - Current Distribution of

10. Kelvin’s Law - Limitations - Modified

11. Types of D.C. Distributors - Distribution Systems

12. D.C. Distributor with Concentrated Loads - Concentrated Loads Fed at One End - Concentrated Loads Fed at Both Ends

13. D.C. Distributor with Uniformly Distributed Load - Load Fed at Both Ends - Load Fed at One End

14. A.C. Distribution - Calculations - Methods of Solving - Power Factors Referred to Respective Load Voltages

15. Stepped and Tapered Mains - Distribution Systems

16. Effect of High Voltage in Transmission System - Volume of Copper – Line Efficiency - Line Drop - Advantages – Disadvantages

17. Comparison of Conductor Material in Overhead System - Distribution Systems

18. Comparison of Volume of Copper in Underground System - Two Wire D.C. System - Two Wire D.C. System with Midpoint Earthed - Three Wire D.C. System - Three Phase Three Wire A.C. System - Three Phase Four Wire A.C. System

19. Techniques of Voltage Control - Reactive Power Injection - Static VAR Generator - Rotating VAR Generator - Control by Tap Changing Transformer

20. Concept of Power Factor Improvement - Power Triangle - Disadvantages - Causes of Low Power Factor

21. Power Factor Improvement - Importance of

22. Power Factor Improvement Devices - Static Capacitors - Synchronous Condenser - Phase Advancers

23. Power Factor Correction Calculation - Distribution Systems

24. Most Economical Power Factor - Distribution Systems

25. EHV AC Transmission - Necessity - Configuration - Advantages - Disadvantages or Problems involved - Environmental Considerations - Standard Rated Voltages

26. High Voltage Direct Current Transmission - Principle - Advantages - Disadvantages - Types - Standard Rated Voltages

27. HVDC Substation - Terminal Equipments of a DC Transmission Line

28. Comparison between HVDC and HVAC Transmission - Distribution Systems

29. Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) - Advantages of - Objectives of - Types of

30. FACTS Devices - Static Shychronous Compensator (STATCOM) - Static VAR Compensator (SVC) - Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TSCS) - Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC)

31. Two Marks Questions with Answers - Distribution Systems | Transmission and Distribution

Unit V: (b) Substations and Grounding

1. Substations and Grounding

2. Introduction - Substations and Grounding

3. Classification of Substations - Substations and Grounding

4. comparison between indoor and outdoor substations

5. Symbols for Various Equipments used in Substation

6. Underground Substations

7. Pole Mounted Substations

8. Key Diagram of 66 kV / 11 kV Substation

9. Key Diagram of 11 kV / 400 V Indoor Substation

10. Gas Insulated Switchgear Substation (GIS) - Advantages

11. Air Insulated Switchgear Substation (AIS)

12. Introduction to Grounding

13. Ungrounded or Isolated Neutral System

14. Earthed Neutral System - Solid Grounding - Resistance Earthing - Reactance Earthing - Resonant Grounding - Voltage Transformer Earthing Earthing Transformers

15. Grounding Grids

16. Two Marks Questions with Answers - Substations and Grounding

AU Solved Paper

1. AU Solved Paper - Semester - IV (EEE) (Regulation 2013)

2. AU Solved Paper - Semester - IV (EEE) (Regulation 2013)

3. AU Solved Paper - Semester - IV (EEE) (Regulation 2013)